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A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, intervention radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist. The process involves extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is then fixed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned, stained and mounted[1] before it is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist; it may also be analyzed chemically. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. An incisional biopsy or core biopsy samples a portion of the abnormal tissue without attempting to remove the entire lesion or tumor. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy. Biopsies are most commonly performed for insight into possible cancerous or inflammatory condition. 

Benefits of Biopsy
  1. Early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases, which is key to increasing survival rates.
  2. Identification of other conditions such as infections and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
  3. Matching organ tissue before a transplant and looking for signs of organ rejection following a transplant.
  4. Ability to treat common conditions.
  5. Low risk of infection.
  6. Quick recovery.
  7. Minimal discomfort.
  8. Inexpensive as compared to other procedures.
Causes of Biopsy

A biopsy is a sample of tissue taken from the body in order to examine it more closely. A doctor should recommend a biopsy when an initial test suggests an area of tissue in the body isn't normal. Doctors may call an area of abnormal tissue a lesion, a tumor, or a mass. These are general words used to emphasize the unknown nature of the tissue.

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